Pre-modern Indian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pre-modern Indian History - Essay Example Taxila commanded the royal road which is the modern Kabul, formerly the valley of river Cophen connecting Gandhara to the kingdom of Magadha in the east. The Taxila town also commanded the Kashmir river valley up to the Indian Ocean in the south (Xinru, 21). Considering the command areas the Taxila held, it is believed that they also had rules over the land between Babylonia in the west and China in The East. During this ancient period, there was the Greek, Achaemenid and Kushan ages. In the Kushan age there were Sirsukh, Jaulian and the Mohra Moradu tribes (Edwin, 4). This paper will explain the establishment of the Kushans Empire and their numerous social, religious, economic and political engagements in the ancient Asian history. The Taxila Kushans In the early days, the Kushans were mainly nomads who belonged to the Yuezhi clan residing on the grasslands of the eastern Tarim Basin region, in present-day Gansu province in China (Xinru, 19). The Yuezhi tribe was believed to be comp rised of jade and horse traders who moved with their herd guarded by an estimated 100,000 to 200,000 military men. They were forcefully evicted from their original residence by the stronger Xiongnu tribe. Reports claim that they first migrated west and then south to Transoxiana a region north of Oxus River which is today referred to as Amu Darua (Xinru, 10). They further migrated to the Bactria region in the northern part of India. The Kushans of the Yuezhi clan were notably dominant creating a supreme rule over others tribes (William, 11). In the 1st century AD in the territories of ancient Bactria on both sides of the middle course of Oxus, the Kushans Empire under the leadership of king Kujula Kadphises was originally established after a successful invasion and control of the Bactria region. This was favored by the then existing rivalry between the Parthians and the scytho-Parthians (Xinru, 12). Through his enormous troops of military men, King Kujula Kadphises comfortably took c ontrol of the southern prosperous region which is the northwest part of ancient India traditionally known as Gandhara. Reports suggest that he rued the empire up to the year78 AD. On his death his able son Vima Taktu succeeded him and expanded the kingdom further in to the northwest part of south Asia. He later appointed and installed generals to these lands who were to exert the Kushan rule on the inhabitants (Smith, 45). Kujula Kadphises grandson Vima Kadphises took the helm of leadership after the death of his father in 95. He is credited with the greatest expansion of the Kushan Empire by acquiring vast lands that were to fall under the Kushan control. Reports claim that he expanded the lands to Afghanistan and North West India. Due to the empire expansion, some Kushans later relocated and settled in central Afghanistan and the northwest of the Indian subcontinent up to the lands of Saketa and Sarnath which are found on the Varanasi or Banares areas. It is also reported that the y held diplomatic relations with the Han of China, the Roman Empire and also the Sassanid Persia. During his reign, the Kushans are believed to have acquired a lot of wealth due to the connections and control they had over the Silk Road (Edwin, 24). His successor Kanishka 1 continued with the rule with records crediting him for his territorial administration from two capitals:

Willam Blake (1757-1827) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Willam Blake (1757-1827) - Essay Example Industrial revolution that swept across Britain can be attributed to the emergence of romantic writing. Among the advocates of Romanticism, Blake’s poems and paintings demonstrated deep emotions including romance, passion, and aspiration to freedom as a genuine response to the chaotic social conventions of the time. William Blake, the prominent poet and painter was born in London as the son of a hosiery shop owner on 28 November 1757. He started his initial formation as a painter at the age of ten, at the art school run by Henry Pars in Strand. After his four years of learning at Pars, he was apprenticed to James Basire and seven years later by 1778 he joined the Royal Academy where he mastered drawing using living models (William Blake1757-1827, BBC). Blake’s first volume of poetry was published in 1783 encouraged by the great artist of the time, Flaxman. Blake explored the scope of integrating painting with book writing and in 1788 he initiated illuminated book Ã¢â‚¬Ë œThere is no Natural Religion’ followed by Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience, Book of Thel and many more throughout the subsequent years. He was indeed a versatile writer and poet who performed all efforts himself for printing his illuminated books. Blake’s other famous works include the Book of Job (1825), and Pastorals of Virgil (1821).

Comparing and Contrasting the George Bush and Barack Obama Presidencie Essay

Comparing and Contrasting the George Bush and Barack Obama Presidencies - Essay Example This was not without controversy though. Accusations if draft dodging and doctored school records abounded but could never be factually proven. He became a war-time president on September 11, 2001, when the simultaneous attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon threw the United States into a frenzy of panic, forever changing the political landscape of America. While battling the looming effects of a recession that began under his predecessors watch he was also tasked with bringing to justice the instigators of the attacks that claimed thousands of American lives. Unfortunately, the economy soured during his last year in the presidency, causing people to view him as an economic saboteur rather than what he really was, the last great American president who knew that in order to keep America safe, he had to wage an unpopular battle overseas. Barack Obama was born in Hawaii of a Kenyan father and American mother. Circumstances forced him to be raised by his grandparents. Like Bush, his election was not without controversy. The fact that his father is not an American has often raised doubts surrounding his citizenship and authenticity of his birth certificate. He ran for president in 2008 under the flagship motto of â€Å"Change we can believe in†. However, he has failed to enact any changes in any of the areas he promised to improve upon his campaign. Under his watch, deficit spending rose to the trillion dollar mark, and none of his economic stimulus packages helped stir the economy either. He has often finger pointed to his predecessor, George W. Bush in order to remind people that he merely inherited the recession and its accompanying problems instead of actually fixing the problem without adding to the burden of families with failed programs like Obama Care. A landmark health coverage bill that has made it almost impossible for people to get needed medical care. He will perhaps be remembered for being the president under whose watch Osama Bin Laden, the leader of the 9/11 conspiracy was killed by an elite team of Navy Seals.  

Fine Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Fine Art - Essay Example This paper explores the connection that exists between art and other disciplines/subjects (Marshall, Donahue, Ayers, & Hetland, 2014).   Since art is a multidimensional subject in the sense that it encompasses literature, visual arts, and performing arts, it interacts with other unrelated fields at different levels. For example, art has a relationship with history through fictional and creative essays and novels that give readers insight into historical events and phenomena. Students who learn historical facts through art will develop unique perspectives about the world. Although Science exists to explain the law of nature, arts fine-tunes the understanding of various persons so that they can analyses different situations and the reasons for the existence of such circumstances. It is also worth noting that mathematics and arts have some connection because both require logical reasoning and analysis of situations and problems (Cukierkorn, 2008).   Learning art through visual arts, dance, and music develops a student’s brain so that the student can handle equally or more challenging disciplines like mathematics and physics that require some mental capacity. Whether they do knowingly or inadvertently, individuals/students employ artistic skills in his/her daily life. As a major discipline, art is an all-inclusive subject that covers a broad range of subjects such as social sciences, history & political science, life sciences, and engineering. Art is related to engineering because most of the engineering concepts employ creative skills. Besides, engineering is mainly a design subject, and art plays a primary role in any design aspect (Marshall, Donahue, Ayers, & Hetland, 2014).   Most schools, particularly in the United States, have adopted disciplined-based art education (DBAE) in order to produce students who are wholesome in their curricular. Since most disciplines like mathematics and science focus on specific dimensions, they do not provide students with

Wireless systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wireless systems - Research Paper Example In last couples of decade’s wireless communications, systems along with their applications and underlying technologies are among the most active area of development and enjoy the fastest growth in history. The rapid development in this regards has turned the world into a global village (Prassad, and Ruggieri 2). Basic Building Blocks/Components of Wireless Systems Since wireless communication involves number of technologies and their applications hence similar to wired communication there exist a wide range of equipment’s (both at transmitter and receiver ends) to execute communication task by propagating light or radio waves through a medium. However in border sense a wireless system consists of following primary network components. a) Users- The users of a wireless system can be anything including human beings. The users can be mobile or stationary. The basic function of a user is to initiate and terminate the use of a wireless network, making the term end-user approp riate. b) Client- The second major primary component of a wireless network is a computer device designed according to specific need, generally termed as a client. A client works on certain operating systems like as Windows XP, LINUX, or MAC OS etc. Similar to a user a client can be mobile or stationary. For mobile support applications, client devices are generally small and handy (fig.1) with display and keyboard along with a battery power backup (Geier 37). Fig.1 Wireless Devices c) Network Interface Card- Network interface card (NIC) provides an interface between a network device and a wireless network. Depending on requirements, NIC can be a part of a client or as external network adaptor as shown in fig.2. Wireless NICs are designed to meet certain form factors like Industry-Standard Architecture (ISA), Fig. 2 NICs Peripheral Component certain form factors like Industry-Standard Architecture (ISA), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and PC Card etc. These factors actually d efine the physical and electrical bus interface that enables the card to act as a bridge to carry communication between a computer device and wireless network (Geier 38). d) Medium- A wireless system uses a medium like air to propagate its signals (radio or light waves) from sender to receiver. Various modulation schemes like amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM) are used to propagate the signal over long distances (Kennedy, and Davis 3). Wireless Systems The development of various wireless systems is a wide area of present day research. Following is a brief overview of current wireless systems. a) Cellular- Cellular wireless communication comprising 1G (AMPS, IS-41, ETACS) 2G (USDC-IS136, GSM, CDMA-IS-95), 2.5G (CDPD, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA1-IS-95B), 3G (TDS-CDMA, CDMA2000 1X, 2X) and futuristically the 4G networks is the major contributor of wireless cellular systems (Li 19). b) Private Mobile Radio- The private mobile radio (PMR) is another impo rtant category of wireless systems. Analog, digital, mesh and emerging technologies including cognitive radio and software defined radio (SDR) are important categories of private mobile wireless

Should Global Poverty be a U.S National Security Issue Essay

Should Global Poverty be a U.S National Security Issue - Essay Example This paper illustrates that global poverty is a phenomenon that has been in existence for quite a long time now. However, it is noteworthy that it is an aspect of global in equality. By this, I mean that, in most of the countries, there exists an exceptionally wide gap between the upper and the lower class. Some have no middle class at all. This is reflected in the wider picture with the developed countries having massive wealth, as opposed to the peanuts in the developing world. What does this imply? This is so dangerous to the mutual coexistence of these people. Mostly, global poverty has been continually ignored under the pretence that it is not a problematic issue but a social issue of specific countries. Realistically, this is an environmental problem. This is because, for such people in such circumstances, they have an effect to the environment. By this, I mean that, these difficult economic situations do force them to indulge in behaviors that are environmentally unsustainable . For instance, a country in Sub Saharan Africa will be more likely to engage in charcoal burning due to the financial constraints. This may be in an effort to look for money through its sale to sustain their troublesome life or to use it as firewood instead of the cleaner biogas. This in turn, has an effect on global climate by contributing to augmented discharge of green house gases into the atmosphere leading to global warming. Global warming, consequently results into so many disastrous effects. This includes drought, excessive rainfall and respiratory ailments. (Galore and Weil, p 810). This charcoal burning is also capable of directly affecting the environment because it results into soil degradation. Global poverty also turns out to be an environmental problem because, many people do not get to meet their basic needs (Galore and Weil, p 815). This in itself is an environmental crisis because it is the failure to construct a sustainable environment t for human life. The United States national security strategy demands of them to build a balance of power bearing in mind that each country, whether small or large, has its fundamental responsibilities. Moreover, to affect this, it resolves to pioneer aspirations of human self-respect (Galore and Weil, p 820). With the implications that global poverty has on the environment, it is high time that the United States recognize it as an environmental problem. Its effects on the security are also wanting. This is because; due to poverty such people do not get access to adequate education hence termed as the illiterate. With no employment that comes with no skills and little employment activities, it leaves a large room for indulgence in destructive activities. An excellent example is the poverty in the African American community of the United States (Galore and Weil, p 25). With no education that guarantees no education, it is no wonder that they participate in violent crimes. All these considered it will be of the essence if the United States considers entrenching global poverty into the national security Policy. It should thus be considered as United States National security issue. Population, Technology, and Growth This article explores the model through which population, technology and growth can be fitted to come up with a functional and economic legacy. With three regimes that have lived to characterize the economic development, it is essential that these steps be fairly understood. This will be beneficial to map out the possible transitions’ and have a clear understanding of what the future presents to the world in the economic sector. In a situation where the progress in technology is slow with a growing population, there is a likelihood of reduced rise in output growth (Sachs and Sewell, p 34). This means s that the high numbers of people consume more than what technology can provide them. This is because technology is meant to make man, s work easier. However, if this

Arab Family and Customs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arab Family and Customs - Essay Example The ethnic identity of any group is usually subject to the convergence of two key factors that are the immigrant culture and the host culture. There exists a scramble for dominion between the two factors irrespective of what the ethnic affiliation might be. Eventually, these two factors accommodate each other and a compromise where both cultures find space becomes evident. The interaction between the host and immigrant cultures dictates the characteristics of the ethnic identity (Zogby 77). The Arab-American identity becomes built on an intricate weave of both the immigrant Middle East culture and the American culture leading to a unique situation for the second generation of Arab-Americans. A dialectic relationship between the host and immigrant features result in a dynamic culture that has both American and Arabic elements. Whereas the intertwined culture cannot be equated, the immigrant culture is more often than not the more influential of the two. Focus group studies carried out in Dearborn, Michigan, which hosts the largest population of Arab Muslims in the United States, shed light on the identity taken by the studied lot and the reasons behind the identities taken. Since the two cultures are diverse and different on so many levels, the only way to forge forward is to adapt to the new foreign way of life keeping principal elements of your Arabic heritage (Zogby 65). Gender and religion emerged as vital elements of the Arab identity. An Arab has to be of a certain religion with vast differences in what becomes expected of the various genders. Gender is especially a thorn in the flesh of many Arab Americans who become somewhat confused by how the respective immigrant and host cultures view gender. Whereas the host culture boasts a sense of equality between the genders, the immigrant culture faithfully subscribes to the opposite view